Effect of MXRA7 on the Biological Functions of Acute B Lymphoblastic Leukemia Cell Line REH / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To discover the relationship between matrix remodeling associated 7 (MXRA7) and acute B lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL), and explore the effect of MXRA7 on the biological functions of B-ALL cell line REH.@*METHODS@#The expression of MXRA7 in blood diseases was searched and analyzed through BloodSpot database. Real-time qPCR was used to detect the expression level of MXRA7 in B-ALL cell line 697 and REH cells. Lentivirus-mediated shRNA interference technology was utilized to knock down the expression of MXRA7 in REH cells. The effects of MXRA7 on the biological functions of REH cells were studied by in vitro experiments. Cell proliferation was detected by CCK-8 assay, cell cycle was detected by PI staining, cell apoptosis was detected by Annexin V and 7-AAD staining, and the expression of apoptosis pathway related proteins was detected by Western blot.@*RESULTS@#Database analysis showed that MXRA7 was highly expressed in B-ALL patients, and real-time qPCR results showed that MXRA7 was also highly expressed in cell lines 697 and REH cells. Knockdown of MXRA7 in REH cells inhibited the cell proliferation and increased the percentage of G0/G1 phase cells. After treatment with cytarabine, the apoptotic ratio was increased in MXRA7-impaired REH cells, and the activation of caspase-3 and caspase-9 were also increased.@*CONCLUSION@#Knockdown of MXRA7 can reduce the malignancy of REH cells by inhibiting the cell proliferation and increasing the sensitivity of REH cells to cytarabine. These results indicate MXRA7 may be as a novel target for the treatment of B-ALL, and the potential usefulness of MXRA7 in B-ALL deserves further investigation.

Contribution to global implementation of WHO guideline on control and elimination of human schistosomiasis by learning successful experiences from the national schistosomiasis control program in China / 中国血吸虫病防治杂志

Schistosomiasis is a parasitic disease that seriously hinders socioeconomic developments and threatens public health security. To achieve the global elimination of schistosomiasis as a public health problem by 2030, WHO released the guideline on control and elimination of human schistosomiasis on February, 2022, with aims to provide evidence-based recommendations for schistosomiasis morbidity control, elimination of schistosomiasis as a public health problem, and ultimate interruption of schistosomiasis transmission in disease-endemic countries. Following concerted efforts for decades, great achievements have been obtained for schistosomiasis control in China where the disease was historically highly prevalent, and the country is moving towards schistosomiasis elimination. This article reviews the successful experiences from the national schistosmiasis control program in China, and summarizes their contributions to the formulation and implementation of the WHO guideline on control and elimination of human schistosomiasis. With the progress of the "Belt and Road" initiative, the world is looking forward to more China's solutions on schistosomiasis control.

Decoding the evolution of preventive chemotherapy schemes for schistosomiasis in China to improve the precise implementation of the WHO guideline on control and elimination of human schistosomiasis / 中国血吸虫病防治杂志

Preventive chemotherapy is one of the pivotal interventions for the control and elimination of schistosomiasis, which is effective to reduce the morbidity and prevalence of schistosomiasis. In order to promote the United Nations' sustainable development goals and the targets set for schistosomiasis control in the Ending the neglect to attain the Sustainable Development Goals: a road map for neglected tropical diseases 2021-2030, WHO released the guideline on control and elimination of human schistosomiasis in 2022, with major evidence-based updates of the current preventive chemotherapy strategy for schistosomiasis. In China where great success has been achieved in schistosomiasis control, the preventive chemotherapy strategy for schistosomiasis has been updated several times during the past seven decades. This article reviews the evolution of the WHO guidelines on preventive chemotherapy and Chinese national preventive chemotherapy schemes, compares the current Chinese national preventive chemotherapy scheme and the recommendations for preventive chemotherapy proposed in the 2022 WHO guideline on control and elimination of human schistosomiasis, and proposes recommendations for preventive chemotherapy during the future implementation of the 2022 WHO guideline, so as to provide insights into schistosomiasis control among public health professionals engaging in healthcare foreign aid.

Analysis of the new WHO guideline to accelerate the progress towards elimination of schistosomiasis in China / 中国血吸虫病防治杂志

On February 2022, WHO released the evidence-based guideline on control and elimination of human schistosomiasis, with aims to guide the elimination of schistosomiasis as a public health problem in disease-endemic countries by 2030 and promote the interruption of schistosomiasis transmission across the world. Based on the One Health concept, six evidence-based recommendations were proposed in this guideline. This article aims to analyze the feasibility of key aspects of this guideline in Chinese national schistosomiasis control program and illustrate the significance to guide the future actions for Chinese national schistosomiasis control program. Currently, the One Health concept has been embodied in the Chinese national schistosomiasis control program. Based on this new WHO guideline, the following recommendations are proposed for the national schistosomiasis control program of China: (1) improving the systematic framework building, facilitating the agreement of the cross-sectoral consensus, and building a high-level leadership group; (2) optimizing the current human and livestock treatments in the national schistosomiasis control program of China; (3) developing highly sensitive and specific diagnostics and the framework for verifying elimination of schistosomiasis; (4) accelerating the progress towards elimination of schistosomiasis and other parasitic diseases through integrating the national control programs for other parasitic diseases.

The Effect of Matrix Remodeling Associated 7 (MXRA7) Expression on the Biological Function of SHI-1 Cells / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To express matrix remodeling associated 7 (MXRA7) in the human acute myeloid leukemia SHI-1 cell line and to assess the role of MXRA7 in the biological function of SHI-1 cells.@*METHODS@#The full-length cDNA sequence of human MXRA7 was synthesized and subcloned into the lentivirus shuttle vector pRRL-Venus. SHI-1 cells were transfected with the lentivirus which was packaged with 293T cells. The YFP-positive cells were sorted by flow cytometry and the stable cell lines were obtained by expanded culture. The expression and distribution of MXRA7 in SHI-1 cells were verified by real-time qPCR, Western blot and laser confocal techniques. Cell proliferation and cell cycle were measured by flow cytometry, and apoptosis was determined by Annexin V and 7-AAD staining. The expression of apoptosis related proteins were detected by Western blot.@*RESULTS@#The stable SHI-1 cell line overexpressing MXRA7 was established successfully. Laser confocal analysis confirmed that MXRA7 was expressed in the cytoplasm of SHI-1 cells. Compared with the control cell line, the overexpression of MXRA7 showed no effect on the cell proliferation and cell cycle, but reduced the percentage of apoptosis cells induced by methotrexate. Moreover, the expression of BCL-2 protein was increased by overexpression of MXRA7, which can inhibit cell apoptosis.@*CONCLUSION@#The SHI-1 stable cell line overexpressing MXRA7 was established successfully, and MXRA7 could inhibit drug-induced apoptosis through increasing the expression of BCL-2 protein.

Expert consensus on the strategy and measures to interrupt the transmission of schistosomiasis in China / 中国血吸虫病防治杂志

Since 2015 when the transmission of schistosomiasis was controlled in China, the country has been moving towards elimination of schistosomiasis, with the surveillance-response as the main interventions for schistosomiasis control. During the period of the 13th Five-Year Plan, the transmission of schistosomiasis had been interrupted in four provinces of Sichuan, Jiangsu, Yunnan and Hubei and the prevalence of schistosomiasis has been at the historically lowest level in China. As a consequence, the goal set in The 13th Five-Year National Schistosomiasis Control Program in China is almost achieved. However, there are multiple challenges during the stage moving towards elimination of schistosomiasis in China, including the widespread distribution of intermediate host snails and complicated snail habitats, many types of sources of Schistosoma japonicum infections and difficulty in management of bovines and sheep, unmet requirements for the current schistosomiasis control program with the currently available tools, and vulnerable control achievements. During the 14th Five-Year period, it is crucial to consolidate the schistosomiasis control achievements and gradually solve the above difficulties, and critical to provide the basis for achieving the ultimate goal of elimination of schistosomiasis in China. Based on the past experiences from the national schistosomiasis control program and the challenges for schistosomiasis elimination in China, an expert consensus has been reached pertaining to the objectives, control strategy and measures for The 14th Five-Year National Schistosomiasis Control Program in China, so as to provide insights in to the development of The 14th Five-Year National Schistosomiasis Control Program in China.

Impact of “Elaphurus davidianus return home project” on the transmission of schistosomiasis in Poyang Lake areas / 中国血吸虫病防治杂志

Objective To investigate the prevalence of Schistosoma japonicum infections in Elaphurus davidianus released to Poyang Lake areas and evaluate the impact of the project of “E. davidianus released to wild environments for natural reproduction and growth” “(E. davidianus return home project”) on the transmission of schistosomiasis in Poyang Lake areas. Methods During the period from April 2018 to December 2019, the population distribution, inhabiting activity and natural reproduction of E. davidianus released to Poyang Lake areas were investigated by means of GPS and artificial observations. The S. japonicum infection was identified in animal feces in E. davidianus inhabitats using a hatching test, and snail distribution was surveyed in E. davidianus inhabiting grass islands using a systematic sampling method. Results A total of 51 E. davidianus were released to the Poyang Lake areas in 2018, which subsequently produced 5 E. davidianus habitats in Yinlong Lake, Longkou, Nanchi Lake, Lianzi Lake and Zhu Lake. E. davidianus was found to predominantly inhibit in grass islands, farmlands and forest lands in hilly regions around the Poyang Lake areas. The natural reproduction rate of E. davidianus was 25% in the habitats in 2019, and the mean density of snails was 0.009 to 0.039 snails/0.1 m2 in E. davidianus inhabitats; however, no S. japonicum infection was identified in snails. In addition, the mean densities of wild E. davidianus and bovine feces were 4.6 samples/hm2 and 2.1 samples/hm2, Conclusions The E. davidianus released to Poyang Lake areas may get infections with S. japonicum, and cause schistosomiasis transmission through fecal contamination in grass islands. The impact on and the prevalence of S. japonicum infection was 4.35% and 13.16% (P = 0.236), respectively; however, the intensities of S. japonicum infections were “+++” and “+”, respectively. Conclusions The E. davidianus released to Poyang Lake areas may get infections with S. japonicum, and cause schistosomiasis transmission through fecal contamination in grass islands. The impact on local schistosomiasis transmission and the response strategy requires to be investigated following the release of E. davidianus to lake regions, to ensure the achievement of the goal of schistosomiasis elimination and the successful implementation of the “E. davidianus return home project” in Poyang Lake areas.

Role of acute schistosomiasis control in facilitating the progress towards schistosomiasis elimination / 中国血吸虫病防治杂志

Acute schistosomiasis is a clinical type of schistosomiasis with severe symptoms. The number of acute schistosomiasis cases is not only a sensitive indicator to assess the endemic situation and control effects, but also an important indicator to define schistosomiasis outbreaks and evaluate the achievements of infection control or transmission control. Acute schistosomiasis control is therefore of great significance to achieve the goal of schistosomiasis elimination in China. This paper analyzes the features and causes of acute schistosomiasis, and proposes some suggestions for future acute schistosomiasis control in China.

Survey of Schistosoma japonicum infections in wild animals in hilly transmission-controlled areas of Jiangxi Province / 中国血吸虫病防治杂志

Objective To understand the situation of Schistosoma japonicum infections in wild animals in transmission-controlled schistosomiasis-endemic areas in Jiangxi Province, so as to provide scientific evidence for implementing precision control interventions and achieving the goal of transmission interruption and elimination of schistosomiasis. Methods Five endemic villages from Ruichang City and Pengze County that were heavily endemic for schistosomiasis in Jiangxi Province, were selected as the study villages. Wild animals like wild mice were captured, and the livers of wild animals were purchased from the snail habitats in the study villages for detection of S. japonicum infections. In the study villages, S. japonicum human infections were screened using indirect hemagglutination assay (IHA) followed by parasitological examinations with miracidial hatching test and Kato-Katz method, and the S. japonicum infection in livestock was tested using a miracidial hatching test with a plastic tube. In addition, snail survey was conducted in the study villages by means of systematic sampling combined with environmental sampling, and the S. japonicum infection in snails was detected using a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay. Results A total of 240 liver specimens were sampled or purchased from 5 species of wild animals in the study villages, including wild mice, weasels, pigs, deer and rabbits. A total of 172 wild mice were captured, with a 2.91% rate of S. japonicum infection, and there was no S. japonicum infection detected in other wild animals. The prevalence of Capillaria hepatica infection was 12.21%, 1.96% and 12.50% in wild mice, deer and pigs, respectively. In addition, there was no S. japonicum infection found in either humans or livestock in the study villages, and the mean snail density varied from 0.13 to 0.80 snails/0.1 m2 in the study villages. LAMP assay detected S. japonicum infection in 2 tubes in a study village. Conclusions The role of wild animals in schistosomiasis transmission and their potential risks can not be neglected in hilly schistosomiasis-endemic areas of Jiangsu Province after transmission control. Intensified surveillance and targeted control measures should be implemented to consolidate schistosomiasis control achievements.

Challenges and countermeasures of schistosomiasis elimination in Jiangxi Province / 中国血吸虫病防治杂志

Jiangxi Province was once one of schistosomiasis heavy endemic provinces in China. Thanks for more than 60 years’ unremitting effort, great achievements have been obtained in schistosomiasis control in this province. This paper reviews the control history of schistosomiasis, and demonstrates the current epidemic situation of the disease in Jiangxi Province, and its contribution to national schistosomiasis control achievements. The difficulties and challenges of schistosomiasis elimination in this province are analyzed and the countermeasures are also put forward accordingly.

Role of acute schistosomiasis control in facilitating the progress towards schistosomiasis elimination / 中国血吸虫病防治杂志

Acute schistosomiasis is a clinical type of schistosomiasis with severe symptoms. The number of acute schistosomiasis cases is not only a sensitive indicator to assess the endemic situation and control effects, but also an important indicator to define schistosomiasis outbreaks and evaluate the achievements of infection control or transmission control. Acute schistosomiasis control is therefore of great significance to achieve the goal of schistosomiasis elimination in China. This paper analyzes the features and causes of acute schistosomiasis, and proposes some suggestions for future acute schistosomiasis control in China.

Survey of Schistosoma japonicum infections in wild animals in hilly transmission-controlled areas of Jiangxi Province / 中国血吸虫病防治杂志

Objective To understand the situation of Schistosoma japonicum infections in wild animals in transmission-controlled schistosomiasis-endemic areas in Jiangxi Province, so as to provide scientific evidence for implementing precision control interventions and achieving the goal of transmission interruption and elimination of schistosomiasis. Methods Five endemic villages from Ruichang City and Pengze County that were heavily endemic for schistosomiasis in Jiangxi Province, were selected as the study villages. Wild animals like wild mice were captured, and the livers of wild animals were purchased from the snail habitats in the study villages for detection of S. japonicum infections. In the study villages, S. japonicum human infections were screened using indirect hemagglutination assay (IHA) followed by parasitological examinations with miracidial hatching test and Kato-Katz method, and the S. japonicum infection in livestock was tested using a miracidial hatching test with a plastic tube. In addition, snail survey was conducted in the study villages by means of systematic sampling combined with environmental sampling, and the S. japonicum infection in snails was detected using a loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) assay. Results A total of 240 liver specimens were sampled or purchased from 5 species of wild animals in the study villages, including wild mice, weasels, pigs, deer and rabbits. A total of 172 wild mice were captured, with a 2.91% rate of S. japonicum infection, and there was no S. japonicum infection detected in other wild animals. The prevalence of Capillaria hepatica infection was 12.21%, 1.96% and 12.50% in wild mice, deer and pigs, respectively. In addition, there was no S. japonicum infection found in either humans or livestock in the study villages, and the mean snail density varied from 0.13 to 0.80 snails/0.1 m2 in the study villages. LAMP assay detected S. japonicum infection in 2 tubes in a study village. Conclusions The role of wild animals in schistosomiasis transmission and their potential risks can not be neglected in hilly schistosomiasis-endemic areas of Jiangsu Province after transmission control. Intensified surveillance and targeted control measures should be implemented to consolidate schistosomiasis control achievements.

Challenges and countermeasures of schistosomiasis elimination in Jiangxi Province / 中国血吸虫病防治杂志

Jiangxi Province was once one of schistosomiasis heavy endemic provinces in China. Thanks for more than 60 years’ unremitting effort, great achievements have been obtained in schistosomiasis control in this province. This paper reviews the control history of schistosomiasis, and demonstrates the current epidemic situation of the disease in Jiangxi Province, and its contribution to national schistosomiasis control achievements. The difficulties and challenges of schistosomiasis elimination in this province are analyzed and the countermeasures are also put forward accordingly.

Experience and insights of schistosomiasis elimination in Yujiang County of Jiangxi Province—Commemoration of the 60th anniversary of publishing Chairman Mao Zedong’s two poems“Farewell to the God of Plague” / 中国血吸虫病防治杂志

Schistosomiasis is one of the major infectious diseases that seriously endanger the health of people, and social and economic development. Before the year of 1949, Yujiang County of Jiangxi Province was one of hyper-endemic regions for schistosomiasis. After the founding of the People’s Republic of China, under the leadership and high attention of the Chinese Communist Party and the government, after the arduous struggle with schistosomiasis, Yujiang County became the first county that reached the standard of eradication of schistosomiasis in 1958. Moreover, Chairman Mao Zedong gladly wrote the famous poem of "Farewell to the God of Plague". Since then, the work of schistosomiasis control has been greatly inspired by the poem. In 2016, Yujiang County became the first county of schistosomiasis elimination in Jiangxi Province. In this paper, the experience and process of eradication and elimination of schistosomiasis in Yujiang County are systematically reviewed and summarized by analyzing the endemic situation of schistosomiasis before and after the eradication and elimination in Yujiang County, to expound the significance and enlightenment of the schistosomiasis control in Yujiang County. This paper commemorates the 60th anniversary of the publication of Mao Zedong’s poem.

Experience and insights of schistosomiasis elimination in Yujiang County of Jiangxi Province—Commemoration of the 60th anniversary of publishing Chairman Mao Zedong’s two poems“Farewell to the God of Plague” / 中国血吸虫病防治杂志

Schistosomiasis is one of the major infectious diseases that seriously endanger the health of people, and social and economic development. Before the year of 1949, Yujiang County of Jiangxi Province was one of hyper-endemic regions for schistosomiasis. After the founding of the People’s Republic of China, under the leadership and high attention of the Chinese Communist Party and the government, after the arduous struggle with schistosomiasis, Yujiang County became the first county that reached the standard of eradication of schistosomiasis in 1958. Moreover, Chairman Mao Zedong gladly wrote the famous poem of "Farewell to the God of Plague". Since then, the work of schistosomiasis control has been greatly inspired by the poem. In 2016, Yujiang County became the first county of schistosomiasis elimination in Jiangxi Province. In this paper, the experience and process of eradication and elimination of schistosomiasis in Yujiang County are systematically reviewed and summarized by analyzing the endemic situation of schistosomiasis before and after the eradication and elimination in Yujiang County, to expound the significance and enlightenment of the schistosomiasis control in Yujiang County. This paper commemorates the 60th anniversary of the publication of Mao Zedong’s poem.

Study on distribution status of Oncomelania hupensis, the intermediate host of Schistosoma japonicum in Jiangxi Province Ⅱ Spatial-temporal distribution of snail-infested environments / 中国血吸虫病防治杂志

To grasp the status of Oncomelania hupensis snail-infested environments in schistosomiasis endemic areas of Jiangxi Province, and establish the spatial database of snail-infested environments with the administrative village as the unit.The spatial and temporal distributions of the historical snail environments, existing snail environments, and suspicious snail-infested environments were analyzed by the historical data review and field investigations.The distribution of snail-infested environments in Jiangxi Province included two popular types of lakeshore and hills. The O. hupensis snail-infested environments were mainly concentrated in the Poyang Lake area, which accounting for 66.97% of the total snail-infested areas. The potential snail-infested environment area was 204 745.48 hm2, among which the potential snail-infested environment areas in the lakeshore and hills were 146 548.58 hm2 and 58 196.90 hm2, accounting for 71.58% and 28.42%, respectively. The real existing snail area was 83 234.50 hm2, among which the real existing snail areas in the lakeshore and hills were 80 890.81 hm2 and 2 343.69 hm2, accounting for 97.18% and 2.82%, respectively. The compressed snail area was 114 253.30 hm2 with a compression rate of 57.85%, of which the compression rates in the lakeshore and hills were 46.51% and 94.97%, respectively. In the four types of snail-infested environments, the areas of Type I, Type II, Type III and Type IV accounted for 55.77%, 25.75%, 13.91% and 4.57% of the total area, respectively.The spatial database of O. hupensis snail-infested environments is established comprehensively and systematically, that will be conducive to tracking and performing the dynamic updates of the data of snails, so as to provide an important technical support for investigation and monitoring in the future.

Study on distribution status of Oncomelania hupensis-intermediate host of Schistosoma japonicum in Jiangxi Province I Analysis of distribution of O. hupen-sis in Poyang Lake area / 中国血吸虫病防治杂志

Objective To grasp the distribution status of Oncomelania hupensis snails in Poyang Lake area,so as to provide the evidence for formulating and adjusting the schistosomiasis prevention and control strategy in lake areas. Methods The vec-tor grid was created and sampled randomly by 200 m × 200 m in the spatial database of grassland,and the distribution of snails was investigated in the selected grid by using the method of mechanical sampling by 50 m × 50 m. At the same time,the eleva-tion of investigation points was extracted based on the topographic map of Poyang Lake. Results Totally 949 and 210 investiga-tion points were collected from the south and north of Poyang Lake areas,accounting for 3.04%and 3.21%of all the investiga-tion points in the respective region. The number of investigation points,the appearance rate of snail frame,and the average den-sity of alive snails were 15231,8.15%,and 0.463/0.1 m2,respectively. The elevation of snail distribution area of the south and north Poyang Lake areas were 11-16 m and 9-16 m respectively. The elevation of concentrated snail belts of the south Poyang Lake area were 12-13 m and 15-16 m,and the elevation of concentrated snail belts of the north Poyang Lake area was 12-14 m. Conclusions The distribution of snails is in the range of 9-16 m. The suitable habitats of snail breeding are moving from the south Poyang Lake area to the north Poyang Lake area,and from high elevation to low elevation. In the future,the schistosomia-sis prevention and control measures could be formulated based on the geographical characteristics of current snail distribution in order to consolidate the achievements of schistosomiasis control.

Role of new strategy in transmission control of schistosomiasis in Poyang Lake region / 中国血吸虫病防治杂志

Objective To evaluate the role of new strategy in the transmission control of schistosomiasis in Poyang Lake re-gion. Methods The information and epidemic data of schistosomiasis control were collected and analyzed in Poyang Lake re-gion from 2005 to 2016. Results After eleven years of carrying out the new strategy,thirteen counties achieved the objective of transmission control in Poyang Lake region. In 2016,the number of schistosomiasis cases and human infection rate were 10301 and 0.03％,decreased by 89.64％and 99.45％compared with those in 2005,respectively. The number of cattle and schistosome-infected cattle were 68152 and 5,decreased by 50.84％and 99.83％compared with those in 2005,respectively. The average density of Oncomelania hupensis snails was decreased by 61.52％. No schistosome-infected snails were found since 2014. Con-clusion The new strategy accurately locates the key points and targets of schistosomiasis transmission chain ,which has con-trolled the human and animal's fecal eggs from polluting grassland,and cut off the transmission chain,reduced both the infec-tion rates of human and animal and the re-infection risk,and promoted to achieve the target of schistosomiasis transmission con-trol in Poyang Lake region.

Effect of progressive addition lens on peripheral refraction in adolescent myopic eye / 中华实验眼科杂志

Background Peripheral refraction of retina brings about influence on myopia development,and different corrective methods will play different roles on the peripheral refraction.Objective This study was to measure the peripheral refraction with progressive addition lenses (PALs) and single-vision spectacle lenses (SVLs) corrected in adolescent myopic eyes and to investigate the difference between them.Methods This was a selfcontrolled cross-sectional study.Forty corrected myopic eyes with PALs were recruited for the study.Twenty-three male and seventeen female subjects aged 10-15 years (mean 12.54 years±1.45 years) enrolled in this study.The refractive errors of the subjects ranged form-1.50 D to-6.00 D (mean-3.74 D±1.09 D) and the astigmatism was less than-1.50 D with the corrected visual acuity at least 20/25.1％ Tropicamide eye drops was topically administered for the cycloplegia and then Grand Seiko WAM-5500 Auto-refractor was used to measure the peripheral refraction.The measured points were determined follows as:fovea (0°),peripheral temporal (T30°,T20°,T10°) and nasal (N30°,N20°,N10°) visual fields from the right eyes.The mean of the six measuring points for each position was calculated.Peripheral refraction was measured from each subject under the wearing of PALs or SVLs (randomly in succession),and the statistic analyse perimeters included M value,relative peripheral refractive error (RPRE),J45,J180.Written informed consent was obtained from each subject before examination.Results The corrected visual acuity was 4.98 ± 0.65 and 4.97 ± 0.53 under the PALs and SVLs conditions respectively,showing in significant difference between them (t =0.222,P =0.639).Hypermetropic shift in peripheral M value and RPRE value were found with the increase of visual angle field,in contrast,the peripheral J180 showed a myopic shift,and significant difference was found among the six peripheral points with all of the above three perimeters (P＜0.05).Negative J45 values in the temporal visual filed and positive J45 values in the nasal filed showed less shift.Some peripheral angles of the peripheral refractions in M value,RPRE value,J180,J45 showed significantly difference from the fovea refraction(P＜0.05).Compared with SVLs correction,PALs induced relatively myopic shifts in M value and RPRE value in all of the peripheral angle fields,showing significant differences(P＜0.05).Conclusions PALs causes relatively myopic shift at the peripheral retina in adolescent myopic eyes in comparison with SVLs,and the important parameters are M value and RPRE value.The effect of PALs on controlling the onset and progression of myopia may be interpreted by peripheral refraction.

Effects of land surface temperature on supervising the existing area of snails / 中华预防医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To discuss the land surface temperature's effect on supervising the areas with snails, comparing the land surface temperature (LST) of the areas with snails with the LST of those without snails.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Choosing the lake areas of farmland in Jiangxi Province and the beach in the bank of Ganjiang, dividing into four areas according to snails. Picking up the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) and LST from the remote sensing data to find the difference between the areas with snails and the areas without snails, so as to illuminate the effects of the LST on distinguishing the areas with snails.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The NDVI of Dongfeng Wei (an area from farmland to lake) was 0 - 0.20, the NDVI of the areas with snails was 0.20 - 0.40. The NDVI of four areas is different (chi(2) = 104.69, P < 0.01). The LST of Dongfeng wei was 24 - 30 degrees C, Wuzhoutou without snails is 23 - 28 degrees C, Wuzhoutou with snails is 22 - 26 degrees C, Changjiangzhou was 20 - 24 degrees C. The LST of four areas is different (chi(2) = 115.23, P < 0.01). The analysis farther indicates the NDVI of areas without snails was lower than that of areas with snails, but the LST was higher.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The NDVI and (or) the LST should be significantly different between the areas with snails and the areas without, it might be concluded that the LST should be a indication to some extent on judging whether some areas may be fit for snails.</p>